For example flux cored welding wire is manufactured using electrolytic manganese powder and selenium contamination would have occurred if the manganese supplier used the selenium technology.įor more information on the toxicity of selenium compounds refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The end user of a product containing selenium could be exposed to its toxic effect. For example, in a metal smelting operation selenium fumes will be released (boiling point of selenium is 690☌) and inhalation of such fumes, the most probably form being selenium dioxide that forms selenious acid with water or sweat, is extremely hazardous. The employees of manganese consumers, mainly steel and aluminium manufacturers, could be exposed to the toxic effects of selenium compounds. If selenium technology were used in MMC’s hydrometallurgical production process, our employees will be exposed to the toxic effects of selenious acid. The toxicity of selenium compounds will be a hazard in each of the following areas: Repeated or prolonged exposure has been reported to cause a metallic taste in the mouth, a garlic odour of the breath and sweat, bronchial and nasopharyngeal irritation, pallor, coated tongue, nervousness, depression, fatigue and gastrointestinal disturbances. In the body, its involved in many chemical processes, including the processing of cholesterol, carbohydrates, and protein. Hydrogen selenide in a concentration of 1.5 ppm (parts per million) is intolerable to man, and exposure can result in irritation of the respiratory tract, skin or eyes. Manganese is the twelfth most common element on the earths crust. Our products are used in the top-end of the market, in the following industries:Įlemental selenium is practically non-toxic and is considered to be an essential trace element however, hydrogen selenide and other selenium compounds are extremely toxic, and resemble arsenic in their physiological reactions. After adding Mn to the -Fe matrix, Mn will substitute the position of Fe. MMC’s refining plant is aligned with the South African government’s objectives of beneficiation and empowerment. Among them, Mn is an essential alloying element. Our systems, equipment, safe operating philosophy and excellent business practices provide our customers with peace of mind, first-class quality and reliable supply. Exporting around 95% of production, we have excellent relationships with our supply chain partners. Our in-house Logistics Team manage the entire supply chain. Our strategically placed warehouse stock in our key markets, is readily available to be delivered to the customer’s door. We supply various quality grades of EMM to a niche market of over 120 established customers in 20 countries, through our unique global marketing network. In operation since 1974, we are the world’s only non-China based producer of high grade electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) and the world’s largest refinery of 99.9% (selenium-free) EMM. MMC’s refinery is situated in Mbombela (Nelspruit), South Africa.
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